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Tooth enamel erosion can be is caused due to coffee, tea, cola, and cigarettes staining the enamel on your teeth.

Enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth. This tough shell is the hardest tissue in the human body. Enamel covers the crown which is the part of the tooth that is visible outside of the gums.

Because enamel is translucent, you can see light through it. But the main portion of the tooth, the dentin, is the part that’s responsible for your tooth color — whether it’s white, off white, grey, or yellow.

Tooth Enamel Erosion: Causes

Tooth erosion happens when acids wear away the enamel on your teeth. Enamel erosion can be caused by the following:

• Excessive soft drink consumption, sodas contain high levels of phosphoric and citric acids
• Fruit drinks, some acids in fruit drinks are more erosive than battery acid
• Dry mouth or low salivary flow (xerostomia)
• Diet that is high in sugar and starches
• Acid reflux disease (GERD)
• Gastrointestinal problems
• Medications such as aspirins and antihistamines
• Genetics (inherited conditions)
• Environmental factors such as friction, wear and tear, stress, and corrosion

Tooth Enamel: Its Function

Enamel helps protect your teeth from daily use such as chewing, biting, crunching, and grinding. Although enamel is a hard protector of teeth, it can also chip and crack. In addition, enamel also insulates your teeth from potentially painful temperatures and chemicals.

Unlike a broken bone that can be repaired by the body, once a tooth chips or breaks, the damage is done forever. Because enamel has no living cells, the body cannot repair chipped or cracked enamel.

Tooth Enamel And Plaque

Plaque is a sticky film made up of saliva, food particles, bacteria, and other substances. Plaque forms between your teeth and gets inside tiny holes or pits in the molars. It also gets around your cavity fillings and next to the gum line where the teeth and gums meet.

Sometimes the bacteria in plaque changes food starches into acids. When this happens, the acids in plaque start to eat away at the healthy minerals in the tooth enamel. This causes the enamel to wear down and become pitted. Over time, the pits in the enamel increase and grow in size.

Symptoms

The signs of enamel erosion can vary, depending on the stage. Some signs may include:

• Sensitivity. Certain foods (sweets) and temperatures of foods (hot or cold) may cause a twinge of pain in the early stage of enamel erosion.
• Discoloration. As the enamel erodes and more dentin is exposed, the teeth may appear yellow.
• Cracks and chips. The edges of teeth become more rough, irregular, and jagged as enamel erodes.
• Severe, painful sensitivity. In later stages of enamel erosion, teeth become extremely sensitive to temperatures and sweets. You may feel a painful jolt that takes your breath away.
• Cupping. Indentations appear on the surface of the teeth.

When enamel erodes, the tooth is more susceptible to cavities or tooth decay. When the tooth decay enters the hard enamel, it has entry to the main body of the tooth.

Small cavities may cause no problems at first. But as cavities grow and penetrate the tooth, they can affect the tiny nerve fibers, resulting in an extremely painful abscess or infection.

Tooth Enamel Erosion: Prevention

To prevent enamel loss and keep teeth healthy, be sure to brush, floss, and rinse with a fluoride and antiseptic mouthwash daily. See your dentist every six months for regular checkups and cleaning. You can also try the following:

• Eliminate highly acidic foods and drinks from your diet such as carbonated sodas, lemons, and other citrus fruits and juices. Rinse your mouth immediately with clear water after eating acidic foods or drinking acidic drinks.
• Use a straw when you drink acidic drinks. The straw pushes the liquid to the back of your mouth, avoiding your teeth.
• Monitor snacks. Snacking throughout the day increases the chance of tooth decay. The mouth is acidic for a few hours after eating foods high in sugar and starches. Avoid snacking unless you’re able to rinse your mouth and brush teeth.
• Chew sugar-free gum between meals. Chewing gum boosts saliva production up to 10 times the normal flow. Saliva helps strengthen teeth with important minerals. Be sure to select sugar-free gum with xylitol, which is shown to reduce acids in beverages and foods.
• Drink more water throughout the day if you have low saliva volume or dry mouth.
• Use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride strengthens teeth, so make sure fluoride is listed as an ingredient in your toothpaste.
• Ask your dentist if sealants may be helpful in preventing enamel erosion and tooth decay.

Treatments

Treatment of tooth enamel loss depends on the problem. Sometimes tooth bonding is used to protect the tooth and increase cosmetic appearance.

If the enamel loss is significant, the dentist may recommend covering the tooth with a crown or veneer. The crown will  protect the tooth from further decay.

Watch this very informative video on tooth enamel erosion: