A heart attack happens when blood can’t get to your heart, and your heart muscle doesn’t get the oxygen it needs. Without oxygen, its cells can be damaged or die.
The key to recovery is to get your blood flow restored quickly. Rapid medical help is critical so as to treat symptoms of a heart attack.
Heart Attack: Causes
Over time, cholesterol and a fatty material called plaque can build up on the walls inside blood vessels that take blood to your heart, called arteries. This makes it harder for blood to flow freely. Most heart attacks happen when a piece of this plaque breaks off. A blood clot forms around the broken-off plaque, and it blocks the artery.
Heart Attack: Risk Factors
Your odds of having a heart attack go up with age, and men are more likely to have one than women. A family history of heart disease also increases your risk. Smoking raises your chances of a heart attack. So does having high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and being obese. Stress, a lack of exercise, and depression can, too.
Heart Attack: Symptoms
You may feel pain, pressure, or discomfort in your chest. You could be short of breath, sweat, faint, or feel sick to your stomach. Your neck, jaw, or shoulders might hurt.
Men and women can have different symptoms. Men are more likely to break out in a cold sweat and to feel pain move down their left arm.
Women are more likely than men to have back or neck pain, heartburn, and shortness of breath. They tend to have stomach trouble, including an upset stomach, feeling queasy, and throwing up. They may also feel very tired, light-headed, or dizzy. A couple of weeks before a heart attack, a woman might have flu-like symptoms and sleep problems.
About 435,000 women have heart attacks in the U.S. each year. Symptoms can be so mild they’re often dismissed as something minor.
Heart Attack: What To Do
If you or someone you’re with has symptoms that might be a heart attack, call 911 right away. If it is, you’re more likely to survive if you get treated within 90 minutes. While you’re on the phone, the person should chew and swallow an aspirin (unless they’re allergic) to lower the risk of a blood clot. Are they unconscious? Hands-only CPR can double their chances of survival.
Heart Attack: Diagnosis
An EKG, which checks your heart’s electrical activity, can help doctors see if you’re having a heart attack. It can also show which artery is clogged or blocked.
Doctors can also diagnose a heart attack with blood tests that look for proteins that heart cells release.
Heart Attack: Treatment
Doctors will quickly act to get blood flowing to your heart again. You may get drugs that dissolve blood clots.
You’ll likely have a procedure called a coronary angiogram. A thin tube with a tiny balloon on the end goes through your artery. It opens up the blockage by flattening the plaque against the walls. Most times, doctors place a small, mesh tube called a stent in your artery to make sure it stays open.
Heart Attack: Prevention
If you smoke, stop. It will immediately cut your chances of a heart attack by a third.
Get exercise and eat right. The American Heart Association recommends 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day, 5 days a week. Eat plenty of fruits, veggies, and whole grains to keep your arteries healthy.
For some people, taking a daily aspirin will help. Talk to your doctor to see if it’s right for you.
Find positive ways to manage your stress.